Wood density of forest species in integrated crop-livestock-forest system in the Brazilian Amazon: challenges and opportunities for Bertholletia excelsa, Dipteryx odorata, and Khaya grandifoliola

Lizandra Elizeário dos Santos; Carlos Tadeu dos Santos Dias; Emanuel José Gomes de Araújo; Aureane Cristina Teixeira Ferreira Cândido; Paulo Campos Christo Fernandes; Arystides Resende Silva; Afonso Henrique Moraes Oliveira; Victor Hugo Pereira Moutinho; Lucieta Guerreiro Martorano

doi:10.5327/Z2176-94782370

Authors

Lizandra Elizeário dos Santos Federal University of Western Pará (UFOPA) - Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1538-9656
Carlos Tadeu dos Santos Dias Federal University of Ceará (UFC) - Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1015-1761
Emanuel José Gomes de Araújo Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ) - Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2301-1031
Aureane Cristina Teixeira Ferreira Cândido Federal University of Western Pará (UFOPA) - Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7540-1325
Paulo Campos Christo Fernandes Embrapa Cerrados - Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3312-1856
Arystides Resende Silva Embrapa Maize and Sorghum - Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5128-7932
Afonso Henrique Moraes Oliveira Federal University of Western Pará (UFOPA) - Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5128-7932
Victor Hugo Pereira Moutinho Federal University of Western Pará (UFOPA) - Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7770-3087
Lucieta Guerreiro Martorano Embrapa Eastern Amazon - Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3893-3781

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5327/Z2176-94782370

Keywords:

young forest plantations; physical properties of wood; bioeconomic potential; Pará.

Abstract

Wood density is the physical property directly related to the timber potential of a species and influences the environmental service of carbon storage and sequestration. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the wood density at different moisture levels (apparent, anhydrous, and basic) of the species Bertholletia excelsa, Dipteryx odorata, and Khaya grandifoliola in a young forest stand cultivated in an integrated crop-livestock-forest system. The Technological Reference Unit, established in 2010, highlighted the necessity for management interventions by 2021 to prevent excessive shading and eliminate phenotypically undesirable species. Material samples were harvested at five heights along the commercial stem to analyze wood density (anhydrous, apparent, and basic). Our results revealed that D. odoratahad the highest densities (0.99, 0.91, and 0.83 g/cm³), while B. excelsa and K. grandifoliola displayed lower densities (0.68, 0.61, 0.55 g/cm³and 0.61, 0.56, 0.51 g/cm³, respectively). Notably, D. odorata exhibited an increasing basic density from base to top, while K. grandifoliola demonstrated greater homogeneity along its stem. The presented results provide robust technical support to inform decision-making on the use of native and exotic species in integrated production systems, as well as emphasizing the potential of the crop-livestock-forest system as a sustainable production practice.

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