Exploring Aspergillus biomass for fast and effective Direct Black 22-dye removal

Anna Gabrielly Duarte Neves; Raphael Luiz Andrade Silva; Kethylen Barbara Barbosa Cardoso; Jairo José Ribeiro Toscano de Brito Júnior; Kétura Rhammá Cavalcante Ferreira; Thiago Pajeú Nascimento; Romero Marcos Pedrosa Brandão-Costa; Márcia Vanusa da Silva; Ana Lúcia Figueiredo Porto

doi:10.5327/Z2176-94782138

Authors

Anna Gabrielly Duarte Neves Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE) - Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2089-5302
Raphael Luiz Andrade Silva University of Pernambuco (UPE) - Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9039-5293
Kethylen Barbara Barbosa Cardoso Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE) - Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0317-0307
Jairo José Ribeiro Toscano de Brito Júnior Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE) - Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1151-4464
Kétura Rhammá Cavalcante Ferreira University of Pernambuco (UPE) - Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7782-4882
Thiago Pajeú Nascimento Federal University of Piauí (UFPI) - Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3480-6734
Romero Marcos Pedrosa Brandão-Costa University of Pernambuco (UPE) - Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7045-2975
Márcia Vanusa da Silva Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE) - Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2221-5059
Ana Lúcia Figueiredo Porto Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE) - Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5561-5158

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5327/Z2176-94782138

Keywords:

decolorization; azo dyes; mycoremediation; biosorption; green technologies.

Abstract

Azo dyes are widely used in the textile industry due to their stability and resistance. These properties also make them recalcitrant xenobiotics, toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic, even at low concentrations. Considered emerging pollutants, there is an urgency to address mechanisms capable of remediating these contaminants, with Aspergillus fungi standing out as an effective solution. Fifteen strains of Aspergillus were investigated for the decolorization of the tetra azo dye Direct Black 22. The influence of different culture media was evaluated on fungi biomass production, dye concentrations (50–300 mg/L), biomass concentrations (1–5g), and the reuse of biomass in continuous batches. The strains that stood out the most were Aspergillus japonicus URM 5620, Aspergillus niger URM 5741, and A. niger URM 5838. Obtaining biomass in less nutrient-rich medium favored decolorization by forming more organized pellets. The live biomass of these fungi was 59% more efficient than the dead biomass. The decolorization efficiency was not affected at lower dye concentrations, showing a decrease in decolorization only when the concentration reached 300 mg/L. Increasing the amount of biomass resulted in proportionally greater decolorization. Even with just 1 g of biomass, the three fungi could remove more than 90% of the dye in less than 60 minutes, and with 5 g, the dye was completely removed in 10 minutes. Thebiomass was reused in three consecutive decolorization cycles, and the fungus that best withstood the cycles was A. niger URM 5741. These results demonstrate the potential of the genus Aspergillus fungi tested in this study as sustainable and efficient biosorbents for the remediation of azo dyes such as Direct Black 22, with potential for colored industrial effluent treatment.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abdel-Ghany, T.; Abboud, M.; Alawlaqi, M.; Shater, A.R., 2019. Dead biomass of thermophilic Aspergillus fumigatus for Congo red biosorption. The Egyptian Journal of Experimental Biology (Botany), v. 15 (1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.5455/egyjebb.20181206084342.

Ali, A.E., Chowdhury, Z.Z., Devnath, R., Ahmed, M.M., Rahman, M.M., Khalid, K.; Wahab, Y.A.; Badruddin, I.A.; Kamangar, S.; Hussien, M.; Pallan, K.H.; Mitra, A., 2023. Removal of azo dyes from aqueous effluent using bio-based activated carbons: toxicity aspects and environmental impact. Separations, v. 10 (9), 506. https://doi.org/10.3390/separations10090506.

Almeida, E.J.R.; Corso, C.R., 2019. Decolorization and removal of toxicity of textile azo dyes using fungal biomass pelletized. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, v. 16 (3), 1319-1328. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-018-1728-5.

Alzain, H.; Kalimugogo, V.; Hussein, K., 2023. A review of environmental impact of azo dyes. International Journal of Research and Review, v. 10 (6), 64-689. https://doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20230682.

Amorim, S.M.; Kato, M.T.; Florencio, L.; Gavazza, S., 2013. Influence of redox mediators and electron donors on the anaerobic removal of color and chemical oxygen demand from textile effluent. Clean - Soil, Air, Water, v. 41 (9), 928-933. https://doi.org/10.1002/clen.201200070.

Azeez, R.A.; Al-Zuhairi, F.K.I., 2022. Biosorption of dye by immobilized yeast cells on the surface of magnetic nanoparticles. Alexandria Engineering Journal, v. 61 (7), 5213-5222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2021.10.044.

Bilgi, M.; Ugraskan, V.; Isik, B, 2023. Biosorption studies of methylene blue dye using NaOH-treated Aspergillus niger-filled sodium alginate microbeads. Chemical Engineering Communications, v. 210 (9), 1405-1419. https://doi.org/10.1080/00986445.2022.2103685.

Carvalho, J.R.S.; Amaral, F.M.; Florencio, L.; Kato, M.T.; Delforno, T.P.; Gavazza, S., 2019. Microaerated UASB reactor treating textile wastewater: the core microbiome and removal of azo dye direct black 22. Chemosphere, v. 242, 125157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125157.

Castro, K.C.; Leme, V.F.C.; Souza, F.H.M.; Costa, G.O.B.; Santos, G.E.; Litordi, L.R.V.; Andrade, G.S.S., 2021. Performance of inactivated Aspergillus oryzae cells on dye removal in aqueous solutions. Environmental Technology and Innovation, v. 24, 101828. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2021.101828.

Celik, S.; Duman, N.; Sayin, F.; Akar, S. T.; Akar, T., 2021. Microbial cells immobilized on natural biomatrix as a new potential ecofriendly biosorbent for the biotreatment of reactive dye contamination. Journal of Water Process Engineering, v. 39, 101731. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2020.101731.

Chandukishore, T.; Biswas, T.S.; Prabhu, A.A., 2024. Valorization of sugarcane bagasse for high-yield production of laccase through Aspergillus terreus for effective azo dye decolourization. Preparative Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1080/10826068.2024.2332881.

Chau, T.P.; Rajkumar, R.; Aloufi, A.S.; Krishnan, R.; Tharifkhan, S.A., 2023. Textile effluents decolourization potential of metal tolerant Aspergillus species and optimization of biomass concentration and temperature. Environmental Research, v. 232, 116294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2023.116294.

Chowdhary, P.; Mani, S.; Shukla, P; Raj, A., 2022. Microbes and environment: recent advancement in environmental biotechnology. In: Chowdhary, P.; Mani, S.; Chaturvedi, P. (Eds.), Microbial biotechnology: role in ecological sustainability and research. Wiley, New York, pp. 1-28. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119834489.ch1.

Ekanayake, M.S.; Manage, P., 2022. Mycoremediation potential of synthetic textile dyes by Aspergillus niger via biosorption and enzymatic degradation. Environment and Natural Resources Journal, v. 20 (3), 234-245. https://doi.org/10.32526/ennrj/20/202100171.

El-Kassas, H.Y., 2008. Decolorization and detoxification of direct fast red 8b by a marine fungus Aspergillus japonicus HK. World Applied Sciences Journal, v. 5 (4), 460-468.

Filote, C.; Roșca, M.; Simion, I.M.; Hlihor, R.M., 2022. Continuous systems bioremediation of wastewaters loaded with heavy metals using microorganisms. Processes, v. 10 (9), 1758. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10091758.

Gao, Z.; Jiang, C.; Lyu, R.; Yang, Z.; Zhang, T., 2020. Optimization of the preparation of fungal-algal pellets for use in the remediation of arsenic-contaminated water. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, v. 27, 36789-36798. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09757-2.

Hamad, M.T.; Saied, M.S., 2021. Kinetic studies of Congo red dye adsorption by immobilized Aspergillus niger on alginate. Applied Water Science, v. 11 (2), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-021-01362-z.

Harper, R.; Moody, S.C., 2023. Filamentous fungi are potential bioremediation agents of semi-synthetic textile waste. Journal of Fungi, v. 9 (6), 661. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9060661.

Hien, N.T.; Nguyen, L.H.; Van, H.T.; Nguyen, T.D.; Nguyen, T.H.V.; Chu, T.H.H.; Nguyen, T.V.; Trinh, V.T.; Vu, X.H.; Aziz, K.H.H., 2020. Heterogeneous catalyst ozonation of direct black 22 from aqueous solution in the presence of metal slags originating from industrial solid wastes. Separation and Purification Technology, v. 233, 115961. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2019.115961.

Horciu, I.L.; Blaga, A.C.; Rusu, L.; Zaharia, C.; Suteu, D., 2020. Biosorption of reactive dyes from aqueous media using the Bacillus sp. residual biomass. Desalination and Water Treatment, v. 195, 353-360. https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2020.25901.

Iscen, C.F.; Gül, Ü.D.; Yavuz, A.A.; İlhan, S.E.M.R.A., 2022. Decolorization of dye solution containing remazol black b by Aspergillus niger isolated from hypersaline environment. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, v. 19 (12), 12497-12504. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-022-03929-y.

Kadam, A.D.; Sapkal, A.C.; Survase, A.A.; Kamble, S.B., 2024. Aspergillus oryzae mediated α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles for photocatalytic remediation of basic fuschin dye and antimicrobial activities. ChemistrySelect, v. 9 (20), e202400088. https://doi.org/10.1002/slct.202400088.

Karagöz, R.; Akar, S.T.; Turkyilmaz, S.; Celik, S.; Akar, T., 2018. Process design and potential use of a regenerable biomagsorbent for effective decolorization process. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, v. 93, 554-565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2018.09.001.

Karatay, S.E.; Aksu, Z.; Özeren, İ.; Dönmez, G., 2023. Potentiality of newly isolated Aspergillus tubingensis in biosorption of textile dyes: equilibrium and kinetic modeling. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, v. 13 (6), 4777-4784. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-021-01523-9.

Kataria, J.; Rawat, H.; Tomar, H.; Gaurav, N.; Kumar, A., 2022. Azo dyes degradation approaches and challenges: an overview. The Scientific Temper, v. 13 (02), 384-400. https://doi.org/10.58414/SCIENTIFICTEMPER.2022.13.2.56.

Khelifi, E.; Touhami, Y.; Bouallagui, H.; Hamdi, M., 2015. Biosorption of indigo from aqueous solution by dead fungal biomass Aspergillus alliaceus. Desalination and Water Treatment, 53(4), 976-984. https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2013.850745.

Latif, W.; Ciniglia, C.; Iovinella, M.; Shafiq, M.; Papa, S., 2023. Role of white rot fungi in industrial wastewater treatment: a review. Applied Sciences (Switzerland), v. 13 (14), 8318. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13148318.

Lira Pérez, J.; Figueroa Estrada, J.C.; García Rivero, M.; Rodríguez Vázquez, R., 2024. Evaluation of vat blue removal by Aspergillus niger using scanning electron microscopy and glucose oxidase enzyme activity. Vietnam Journal of Chemistry, v. 1. https://doi.org/10.1002/vjch.202300374.

Lu, T.; Zhang, Q.; Yao, S., 2017. Efficient decolorization of dye-containing wastewater using mycelial pellets formed of marine-derived Aspergillus niger. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, v. 25 (3), 330-337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjche.2016.08.010.

Maganha de Almeida, A.C.; Backhaus, J.; Corso, C.R., 2018. Recycling food waste to clean water: the use of a biodigester’s residual liquid inoculum (rli) to decolourise textile azo dyes. Water Science and Technology, v. 77 (2), 398-408. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.546.

Menezes, O.; Brito, R.; Hallwass, F.; Florêncio, L.; Kato, M.T.; Gavazza, S., 2019. Coupling intermittent micro-aeration to anaerobic digestion improves tetra-azo dye direct black 22 treatment in sequencing batch reactors. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, v. 146, 369-378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2019.04.020.

Mohamed, L.A.; Aniagor, C.O.; Aly, A.A.; Hashem, A., 2023. Removal of chromium (VI) and acid orange 142 dye from contaminated wastewater using bio-waste mycelium of Aspergillus ustus: extraction, isotherms and kinetics studies. Water Conservation Science and Engineering, v. 8 (1), 31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41101-023-00206-y.

Muthukumaran, P.; Sridhar, S.; Aravind, J., 2023. Biodecoloration of synthetic reactive red and reactive black dyes by using Aspergillus niger and Pleurotus ostreatus. In: Jeyaseelan, A.; Murugasen, K.; Sivashanmugam, K. (Eds), Sustainable and cleaner technologies for environmental remediation, environmental science and engineering. Springer, Cham, pp. 79-86. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-29597-3_7.

Nouri, H.; Azin, E.; Kamyabi, A.; Moghimi, H., 2021. Biosorption performance and cell surface properties of a fungal-based sorbent in azo dye removal coupled with textile wastewater. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, v. 18, 2545-2558. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-020-03011-5.

Przystaś, W.; Zabłocka-Godlewska, E.; Grabińska-Sota, E., 2018. Efficiency of decolorization of different dyes using fungal biomass immobilized on different solid supports. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, v. 49 (2), 285-295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjm.2017.06.010.

Pullapukuri, K.; Reddy, G.D., 2024. Dye decolorization of textile dyes by using Aspergillus fumigatus isolated from marine soil. Chemistry Africa, v. 7 (1), 367-375. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42250-023-00736-x.

Qin, W.; Guo, S.; Li, Q.; Tang, A.; Liu, H.; Liu, Y., 2024. Biotransformation of the azo dye reactive orange 16 by Aspergillus flavus A5P1: Performance, genetic background, pathway, and mechanism. Journal of Hazardous Materials, v. 468, 133562. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133562.

Rai, R.; Vijayakumar, B.S., 2023. Myco-remediation of textile dyes via biosorption by Aspergillus tamarii isolated from domestic wastewater. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, v. 234 (8), 542. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-023-06535-x.

Rodrigues, K.; de Sousa, A.M.; dos Santos, A.D.; Barbosa, B.C.; Silva, A.R.; Pereira, L.; Silva, G.M., 2024. Decolorization and detoxification of industrial wastewater containing indigo carmine by Aspergillus niger AN400 in sequential reactors. Colorants, v. 3 (1), 73-85. https://doi.org/10.3390/colorants3010005.

Seyis, I.; Subasioglu, T., 2008. Comparison of live and dead biomass of fungi on decolorization of methyl orange. African Journal of Biotechnology, v. 7 (13), 2212-2216. eISSN: 1684-5315.

Sharma, A.; Anamika, A.; Saxena, J., 2008. Screening of microorganisms for azo dye degradation from dye affected sites of Sanganer, Rajasthan, India. Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, v. 2 (2), 365-372.

Singh, G.; Dwivedi, S.K., 2022. Biosorptive and biodegradative mechanistic approach for the decolorization of Congo red dye by Aspergillus species. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 108, 457-467. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-021-03380-8.

Skanda, S.; Bharadwaj, P.S.J.; Kar, S.; Sai Muthukumar, V.; Vijayakumar, B.S., 2023. Bioremoval capacity of recalcitrant azo dye Congo red by soil fungus Aspergillus arcoverdensis SSSIHL-01. Bioremediation Journal, v. 27 (1), 32-43. https://doi.org/10.1080/10889868.2021.1984198.

Souza, F.H.; Leme, V.F.; Costa, G.O.; Castro, K.C.; Giraldi, T.R.; Andrade, G.S., 2020. Biosorption of rhodamine b using a low-cost biosorbent prepared from inactivated Aspergillus oryzae cells: kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic studies. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, v. 231, 242. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-020-04633-8.